IS 3478: Specification for High Density Wood Particle Boards

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IS 3478 (1966) : Specification for High Density Wood
Particle Boards [CED 20: Wood and other Lignocellulosic
products]

Jawaharlal Nehru
'Step Out From the Old to the New"

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Invent a New India Using Knowledge

Bhartrhari — Nitisatakam
''Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen"

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BLANK PAGE

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PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT

rS:347e.1966

Indian Standard (Reaffirmed 2003)

SPECIFICATION FOR
HIGH DhNSlTY WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS

(First Reprint JULY 1983)

UDC 674'S15

® Copyright lP6d

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
MANAK EHAVAN. 9 HAHADDR SHAH ZAFAR MARQ

NEW DELHI IVXOl

Cr 3 M4y 1966

IS : 3478 - 1966

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR
HIGH DENSITY WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS

Wood Products Sectional Committee, BDC 20

Chairman Representing

Db D. Narayanamueti Indian Plywood Industries Research Association,

Bangalore

Members
Assistant Dibeotob ( Spboifi- Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways )

CATION ), RbSBABCH, DESIGNS

AND Standards Organiza-
tion
Shri p. Babtta Forest Department, Government of Assam

"Director, Scientific Research Naval Headquarters
Shri L. N. Dokania The Plywood Manufacturers' Association of India,

Calcutta
SjitiiG^ L.Kmjyi A (Alternate)
Db Joseph George Central . Building Research Institute ( GSIR ),

Roorkee
Shri Shiva Mohan Singh ( Alternate )
Shri M. J. Griffiths Indian Tea Association, Calcutta

-Shri A. J. Cameron ( i4//tfrwa/(f )
Shri A. K. Kaderkutty The Western India Plywoods Ltd, Baliapaiam

Shri N. S. Kaikini Forest Departm-nt, Government of Mysore

Shri K. K. Naidu ( Alternate )
Shri R. C. Kaushik Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra Dun

Shri G. L. Kedia Jay Shree Tea & Industries Ltd, Calcutta

Shri K. K. Kela {Alternate)
Shri K. S. Lauly South India Plywood Manufacturers* Association,

Calicut
Shei V. J. Nedxjngadi ( Alternate )
Shri J. S. Matharu Directorate General of Technical Development

Dr a. N, Nayer Defence Production ( DGI ), Ministry of Defence

Shri R. N1 Vaidya ( Alternate)
President Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra Dun

Shri Rabinder Singh National Buildings Organization ( Ministry of Works

and Housing ]
Shri R. K. BhaRTARI ( Alternate )
Shri S. Ramamritham Directorate General of Civil Aviation ( Ministry of

Transport )
Shri N. K. Sharma Forest Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh

LT-Coii G. B. Singh Enginecr-in-Chief's Branch, Army Headquarters

Shri Vasantha Rao ( Alternate )
Shri A. V. Subba Rao Assam Railways and Trading Co Ltd, Margherita

Shri P. K.*Chotjthoy ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 2 )

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI

IS: 3478 -1966

( Continued from page 1 )

Members Representing

SuPBBiNTBNDiNG SURVEYOR OP Central Public Works Department

Works

Shri M. Swabtjp Paharpur Timbers Pvt Ltd, Calcutta

Shbi H. Thomson Plywood Products, Sitapur

Shbi G. W. M. Whittle ( Alternate )

Dr H. C. Visvbsvaraya, Director General, ISI ( Ex'officio Member )

Director ( Civ Engg )

Secretaries

Shri D. Ajitha Simha

Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI

Shbi S. P. Raman
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg), ISI

Fibre Building Boards Subcommittee, BDG 20 : 6

Indian Plywood Industries Research Association,
Bangalore

Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways )

Convener
Dr D. Nabayanamurti

Members
Assistant Director ( Spbcifi-

CATION ), ReSBARCH, DeSIONS

AND Standards Organiza-
tion
Assistant Director, Stan-
dards ( Carriage ) ( Alternate )
Shri N. G.Jain Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra Dun

Shri G. R. Jolly Anil Hardboards Ltd, Bombay

Db Joseph Geobgb Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR),

Roorkee
Shri Shiva Mohan Singh ( Alternate)
Shri K. S. Lauly Indian Plywood Manufacturing Co Ltd, Bombay

Shri B. V. Malani Assam Hardboards Ltd, Calcutta

Shri L. R. Pbriwal {Alternate )
Shbi J. S. Mathabu Directorate General of Technical Development

Db a. N. Nayeb Defence Production ( DGI ), Ministry of Defence

Shbi A. K. Ramachandban The Western India Plywoods Ltd, Baliapatam

Shri H. Thomson Plywood Products, Sitapur

IS : 3478 - 1966

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR
HIGH DENSITY WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 15 March 1966, after the draft finalized by the Wood Products Sectional
Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.

0.2 The particle board industry in this country is developing fast, and
along with the other types of low density and medium density particle
boards, high density particle boards are also increasingly in demand, and
their production is on the increase. High density particle boards are used
for specialized tools ( such as for press tools, for jigs and oiher fixtures,
rubber press dies, forming and drawing^ tools, and piercing and blanking
tools ) in the aircraft, automobile and general engineering industries. This
standard is intended to guide the developing industry in the production of
high density particle boards.

0.3 There are three kinds of particle boards based on density classification :
medium density particle boards having a specific gravity of 0'5 to 0*9,
covered in 18:3087-1965*, low-density particle boards having specific
gravity of 0*4, covered in IS : 3129-1 965t; and high-density particle
boards, covered in this standard having specific gravity over 0*9.

0.4 The physical requirements for high density wood particle boards
specified in Table 1 of this standard does not include the requirements in
regard to swelling. These requirements for the various types and grades
of particle boards are under investigation by the Committee responsible
for the preparation of this standard and will be included when the results
of the investigation bc^^ome available.

0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express-
ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-I960:t. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

♦Specification for wood particle boards ( medium density) for general purposes.
f Specification for particle boards for insulation purposes.
|Rules for rounding off numerical values {revised).

IS: 3478 -1966

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard covers the requirements of high density wood particle*
boards in flat sheet or moulded forms.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2J For the purpose of this standard, definitions given in IS: 707-1958*
and IS : 3087-19651 shall apply.

3. TYPES AND GRADES

3.1 High density wood particle boards shall be of two types depending on
the type of synthetic resin used for manufacture, and each type shall be of
two grades depending on the extent of resin content as shown below:

Type of Resin Grade

Type 1 BWR {gj^^^e A

Type 2 WWR or CWR {%T^,^

3.2 Each type and grade may be supplied in flat sheet form or in moulded
form as required by the purchaser.

4* MATERIALS

4.1 Any suitable species of timber may be used.

4.2 Adhesive — The adhesive used for bonding high density particle
board shall be as specified in 3.1 for various types.

Note I — In Grade A particle board the resin binder which is of the order of 20 to
50 percent in addition to serving for binding of particles also acts as impregnants into
the particles to modify its properties and thus increase its resistance to water, moisture,
weather and facilitates high compression.

Note 2 — In Grade B the resin binder which is of the order of 8 to 1 2 percent, joins
the chips without any appreciable impregnation of the same.

4.2.1 The purchaser may specify any particular resin in the type and
any particular resin content range depending on his special requirement.

4.3 Sizing Material — Any suitable sizing material, for example, para-
ffin wax dissolved in mineral spirit or emulsified with water or melted, shall
be used as sizing material up to a maximum of one percent.

♦Glossary of terms applicable to timber, plywood and joinery.

tSpecification for wood particle boards ( medium density ) for general purposes.

IS : 3478 - 1966

5. MANUFACTURE

5.1 High density wood particle boards shall be manufactured by convert-
ing the specified timbers into suitable wood particles; seasoning the same to
a moisture content not exceeding 8 percent (generally 3 to 5 percent);
blending thoroughly with the requisite quantity of the specified adhesive
and sizing material and then felting into the required thickness and form
and pressing in a hot press under high pressure usually of the order of
1 kg/mm^ to 2 kg/mm^ under controlled conditions of heat, pressure and
pressing time.

5.2 In moulded particle boards the resin mixed chips shall be pressed in
suitable moulds to the required shape under controlled conditions of heat,
pressure and pressing time.

6. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

6.1 The preferred sizes of high density wood particle boards in fiat panels
shall be as below:

Length: 180, 150, 120, 100, 90, 60 and 45 cm
Width : 150, 120, 100, 90 and 45 cm

6.2 Thickness — The preferred thicknesses of high density wood particle
boards shall be as follows {see Note ):

50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 22, 20, 16, 12, 9, 6 and 4 mm

Note — Thickness of 1 9 mm and 1 3 mm are being currently manufactured and it is
expected that the industry will changeover to the preferred thickness in about
two years.

6.3 Tolerances

6.3.1 In flat panels tolerances in length and width shall be ±6 mm.
Tolerance in thickness shall be ±2*5 percent for boards above 25 mm
thick ^nd ±5 percent for boards up to 25 mm in thickness.

6.3.1.1 The lengths of the 2 diagonals of a wood particle board
rectangular panel shall not differ by more than 2*5 mm per metre length
of the diagonal.

6.3.1.2 The edges of the board shall be straight with a tolerance of
3 mm,

6.3.2 Moulded Panels — The dimensions, thickness and tolerances, of
moulded high density particle board shall be in accordance with the
drawing provided by the purchaser.

18:3478-1966

7. PHYSICAL REQIUIREMENTS

7.1 General — High density wood particle board shall be of uniform
thickness and density throughout the length and width of the board in
case of flat panels. Sanding when given shall be uniform on both the
surfaces.

7.2 The physical requirements for high density wood particle boards both
in flat panel and moulded form shall be as specified in Table L

8. SAMPLING

8.1 Scale of Sampling — The number of particle boards to be selected
from a lot shall be in accordance with Table 2 {see^ S),

8.1.1 The particle boards shall be selected at random. In order to
ensure randomness of selection, all the particle boards in the lot may be
arranged in a serial order and every rth particle board may be selected till
the required number is obtained, r being the integral part of jV/n where JV
is the lot size and n is the sample size.

8.2 Test Specimens and Number of Tests — The length, width, thick-
ness and the diagonals of panels of the particle boards selected as in 8.1
shall be measured before cutting the particle boards for taking test speci-
mens. The straightness of edge shall also be measured. The shape,
dimensions and tolerances of moulds panels shall be checked with the
drawings.

8.2.1 From each of the high density wood particle boards selected, test
specimens shall be cut to obtain test pieces as below. The method of
preparation and conditioning of test specimens shall be as specified in 3
ofIS: 2380-1963*.

8.2.2 Density — One test specimen from each sample, in full thickness
of material, and 7*5 cm wide and 15 cm long shall be tested for density.

8.2.3 Moisture Content — One test specimen from each sample in full
thickness of material and 7*5 cm wide and 15 cm long shall be tested for
moisture content.

8.2.4 Water Absorption — One test specimen from each sample of size
30 cm X 30 cm, and full thickness of board from each sample shall be
tested for water absorption.

8.2.5 Modulus of Rupture — One test specimen from each sample to con-
form to dimensions as specified in 7.1 of IS : 2380-1963* shall be tested for
modulus of rupture.

^Methods of test for wood particle boards and boards from other lignocellulosic
materials.

TABLE 1 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH-DENSITY WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS

{Clauses 7.2 and 9,2)

Typb Grade

Density

Moisture
Content

Minimum
modultjs

OF

Rupture

Minimum
Tensile

Strength

Water

Absorption

ATT8R 24h

Maximum

Immersion

Resistance

TO Boiling

Watbb

AFTER 3 h

Immersion

(1) (2)

(3)

,W

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

g/cm»

percent

kg /cm*

kg/cm»

percent

r Grade A
Type I ^

I Grade B

r-2

0-9 Min

3 to 7
5 to 16

450
400

350
300

10
25

Shaii not show
any sign of
delamination

r Grade A
Type 2^

t Grade B

1-2
0-9 Min

5 to 10
5 to 16

300

250

225
200

15
25

Not specified

Test According to

Clause 6 of
IS: 2380-
1963*

Clause 5 of

IS : 2380-

1963*

Clause 7 of

IS : 2380-

1963*

Clause 9 of

IS : 2380-

1963*

Clause 14 of

IS : 2380-

1963*

9.3

Maximxtm Permis-
sible Variation
IN Individual
Specimen from

the Mean

Ma3& ± 10
percent

Max ±2
percent

—

—

—

—

••

§

♦Methods of test for wood particle boards and boards fromf other lignocellulosic materials.

1

IS: 3478 -1966

Lot Size

JV

Up

to 50

51

„ 100

101

„ 200

201

„ 300

301

,,500

50 1 and above

TABLE 2 NUMBER OF PARTICLE BOARDS TO BE SELECTED

Number or Particle Boards
TO BE Selected

n

2
3
4

5

7

10

8.2.6 Tensile Strength — One test specimen for each direction from each
sample to conform to dimensions as specified in 9.1 of IS : 2380-1963* shall
be tested for tensile strength.

8.2.7 Boiling Water Resistance — One test specimen size 30 cm X 30 cm
and full thickness of the board from each sample shall be tested for resis-
tance to boiling water.

8.3 In case of moulded boards, the sizes and shape of sample may »be
altered as be deemed necessary.

8.4 Criteria for Conformity

8.4.1 The lot shall be considered as conforming to the requirements of
this specification if the samples and test specimens pass the conditions
prescribed in 9.

8.4.2 If any sample fails to conform to the requirements, further samples
shall be considered to pass if these samples conform to the requirements
prescribed;

9. TESTING

9.1 Accuracy of Dimensions of Boards — In flat boards, the accuracy
of dimensions shall be measured as specified in 4 of IS : 2380-1963*. All
the sample boards selected in accordance with 8.1 shall be measured for
straightness of edges, squareness of boards, lengths, widths and thicknesses.
The mean dimension, that is, length, width and thickness, shall be as
ordered or within the tolerances specified under 6.3. The boards shall be
rectangular so that the two diagonals of the board shall not differ from each
other by more than tolerances specified under 6.3. The edges shall be
straight within the limit specified under 6.3.

♦Methods of test for wood particle boards and boards from other lignocellulosic
materials.

IS: 3478- 1966

9.1 .1 Moulded boards shall be checked for dimensions with the drawings,
including tolerances, provided by the purchaser.

9.2 The specimens shall be tested in accordance with the methods of tests
given in Table 1 and shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1.

9.3 Boiling Water Resistance Test — The specimen as prepared
under 8.2*7 shall be immersed in boiling water for three hours. It shall show
no sign of delamination.

10. MARKING

10.1 Each particle board shall be legibly marked on any of its edges with
the following:

a) Name of the manufacturer or trade-mark, if any

b) Type and grade of particle board,

10.1.1 Each particle board may also be marked with the ISI Certifica-
tion Mark.

Note — The use of the ISI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the
Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act, and the Rules and Regula-
tions made thereunder. Presence of this mark on products covered by an Indian
Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the re-
quirements of that standard, under a well-defined system of ioapection, testing and
quality control during production. This system, which is de.rised and supervisee! by
ISI and operated by the producci', has the further safeguard that llie products as actually
marketed are continuously checked by ISI for conformity to the standard. Details of
conditions, vmdcr which a licence for the use of tlie ISI Certification Mark may be
granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards
Institution.

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

The Indian Standards Institution (ISI). which started functioning
in 1947, is the national standards organization for India, its
principal object is to prepare standards on national and inter-
national basis and promote their general adoption.

The overall control of ISI, which is run and financed jointly as
a non-profit making body by the Central Government and private
enterprise, is exercised by a General Council, composed of
representatives of Central and State Governments; leading trade,
scientific and technological organizations* and subscribing
members. The Minister of Industry is the ex-ofTtcio President
of ISI.

The present technical activity of ISI is carried out through
Its Division Councils for Agricultural and Food Products;
Chemical; Civil Engineering; Consumer Products; Electrotechnical;
Mechanical Engineering; Structural and Metals; and Textile.
All technical work relating to the formulation and revision of
standards is done by committees appointed by and under the
direction of their respective Division Councils. These committees
consist of experts drawn from manufacturing units, technical
institutions, purchase organizations and other concerned bodies.

To make available benefits of Indian Standards to the common
man, ISI has introduced its Certification Marks Scheme under the
Indian Standards Institution {Certification Marks) Act. 1952, as
amended by the Amendment Act, 1961, According to this Act.
quality goods conforming to Indian Standards can carry the ISI
Certification Mark. This Mark is a third-party guarantee of
quality of marked goods. Licences to use the ISI Certification
Mark are granted to manufacturers using reliable methods of
quality control and providing facilities for inspection by ISI staff.

In the international field, ISI represents India on the Inter-
national Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the inter-
national Electrotechnical Commission (lEC). ISO and lEC
respectively link 51 and 38 countries, and function through 113 and
56 technical committees; ISI participates in 78 technical
committees of ISO and all the technical committees of lEC. The
committees and subcommittees of lEC and ISO for which IS! holds
the secretariat deal with; Electric Fans, Lac, Mica, Pictorial
Markings for Handling of Goods, Liquid Flow Measurements in Open
Channels, Procedures for Inter-conversion of Values, Spices and
Condiments, and Stimulants.

AMENDMENT NO. 1 JUNE 1992

TO

IS 3478 : 1966 SPECIFICATION FOR HIGH DENSITY

WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS

( Page 3, clause 0.3 ) —Substitute *IS 3087 : 1985* for 'IS: 3087 - 1965' and
'IS 3129 : 19857c?r 'IS : 3129 - 1965\

( Page 3, foot-notes marked with '** and 'f * marks ) — Substitute the
following for the existing foot-notes:

' *Specification for wood particle boards (medium density) for general purposes
(first revision),

|Specification for low density particle boards (fij'st revision ).*

( Page 4, clause 2.1 ) — Substitute 'IS 707 : 1976' for 'IS : 707 - 1958' a^d
'IS 3087 : 1985' /or 'IS : 3087 - 1965'.

(Page 4, clause 3.1, last line ) — Substitute 'MR' for *WWR or CWR'.

( Page 4, foot-notes ) — Substitute the following for the existing foot-notes:

'*Glossary of terms applicable to limber technology and utilization (first
revision)

fSpecification for wood particle boards ( medium density ) for general
purposes (first revision).'

(Page 6, clause %Jl.l and Page S, clauses 8.2,6 and 9.1) — Substitute
'IS 2380 : 1977' for 'IS : 2380 - 1963'.

( Pages 6 and 8, foot-note ) — Substitute the following for the existing
foot-note:

'•Methods of test for wood partile boards and boards from other lignocellulosic
materials (first revision ).'

(CED20)

Reprography Umt* BIS, New Delhi, India

AMENDMENT NO. 2 JANUARY 2005

10

IS 3478 : 1966 SPtXIFICATION FOR

HIGH DENSITY WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS

( Cover page, P^^g^^ i ^'"^ 3 ) — Subsiiiute the following for ihe existing
title:

'SPECIFICATION FOR PARTICLE BOARDS OF WOOD

AND OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS (HIGH DENSITY)

FOR GENERAL PURPOSES'

( Page 4, clause 1.1 ) — Substitute 'particle boards of wood and other
iignocellulosic materials'/or 'wtxxi particle boards'.

( CED 20 )

Reprography Unit, BIS. New Delhi, India

AMENDMENT NO. 3 SEPTEMBER 2005

TO

IS 3478 : 1966 SPECIFICATION FOR

HIGH DENSITY WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS

( Page 5, clause 6 ) — Substitute the following for the existing:

6 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

6.1 The dimensions of high density particle boards shall be as follows:

Length in mm : 2 400, 2 100, 1 800, 1 500, 1 200, 1 000, 900, 600
and 450

Width in mm : 1 500, 1 200, 1 000, 900, 600, and 450

NOTE — Any other dimension as agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser niay also be used.

6.2 Thickness

The thickness of high density particle boards shall be 4 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 nmi,

40 mm and 50 mm.

6.3 Tolerances

The tolerances on the nominal sizes of finished boards shall be as follows:

Dimensions

Tolerances

Length
Width

-f-6mm
- 0mm
+ 3mm

Thickness:

- mm

i) Less than 6 mm
ii) 6 mm and above

±10 percent
±5 percent

Edge straightness
Squareness

2 mm per 1 000 mm or
0.2 percent

2 mm per 1 000 mm or
0.2 percent'

( Page 6, clause 8,2,5 ) — Substitute 'Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rupture' for the existing title and
' modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture' for 'modulus of rupture' in the last line.

Amend No. 3 to IS 3478 : 1966

( Page 7, Table 1 ) — Substitute the following for the existing table:

Table 1 Physical Requirements for High Density Wood Particle Boards

{Clauses 7.2 and 9.2)

Type

Grade

Density

Moisture
Ccontent

Modulus
of Rupture

Modulus
of Elasticity

Minimum
Ten^le
Strength

Water
Absorption
After 24 ii
Maximum
bmnersion

Resistance
to Boiling

Water
After 3 h

Immersion

0)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

g/cm^

percent

N/mm^

N/mitP- ■

N/mm^

percent

Avj

Min

Avj

Min

Grade A

1.2

3 to 7

45.0

38.0

4 500

4 050

35.0

10

Shall not show

Typel

Grade B

0,9 Min

5 to 16

40.0

34.0

4 000

3600

30.0

25

any sign of
delamination

Grade A

1.2

5tolO

30,0

25.0

3 000

2 700

22.5

15

Not specified

Type2

Grade B

0.9 Min

5 to 16

25.0

21.0

2 500

2 250

20.0

25

Test According to

IS 2380

(Part 3) :

1977*

IS 2380

(Part 3):

1977*

IS 2380

(Part 4):

1977*

IS 2380

(Part 4):

1977*

IS 2380

(Part 5):

1977*

-1-

9.3

Maximum Permissible
Variation in Individual

Max ±10

Max±2

Specimens From the Mean

percent

percent

♦Method of test for wood particle boi

itds and boards

frotn other lignoce!

lulosicmaterialss.

( CED 20 )

Reprography Unit, BIS» New Delhi, India

/

AMENDMENT NO. 4 JUNE 2006

TO

IS 3478 : 1966 SPECIFICATION FOR

HIGH DENSITY WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS

[ Page 7, TeAle 1 {see also Amendment No. 3) ] — Substitute Van" for
Vcm'' under col 3 of the table.

(CED20)

Riqirognphy Unit. BIS, New Delhi, India